The marvelous blossoming of vocal lyricism that had already sprung up in the 14th century, the Villanelle of the 15th century, the popular tradition of the Moresche, Tammurriate and Calascionate, and the cultured production of the 18th-century Neapolitan School constitute the historical and stylistic references of this musical proposal that highlights the production prior to the mid-19th century. Specifically, the fundamental examples of ancient Neapolitan song (popular, classical and author's in respect of the original sonorities) have been chosen to create a brief but effective account of the origins of a genre now recognized as a World Heritage.